xxi

xx

203 Figure 3.5.2 Static Mesh collision properties

Screen-captured and edited by Author.

204 Figure 3.5.3 Collision lines right after Importing from Revit

By Twiz, “Unreal Engine 4 Tutorial - Export From Revit to UE4,” YouTube, 9:44, accessed December 28, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ux_zJ4WJbZg.

204 Figure 3.5.4 Fixed collision lines within UE4 with a physical material

By Twiz, “Unreal Engine 4 Tutorial - Export From Revit to UE4.”

205 Figure 3.5.5 Landscape Creation in UE4

By Virtus Learning Hub / Creative Tutorials, trimmed by Author, “Populating Scenes With The Foliage Tool - #17 Unreal Engine 4 Level Design Tutorial Series,” YouTube, 14:18, accessed December 28, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYYfIYDqsDA.

207 Figure 3.6.1 Step 1: Import FBX model

Screen-recorded by Author.

207 Figure 3.6.2 Step 1 sequential frames

Frame-captured by Author.

208 Figure 3.6.3 Step 2: Define entrances/exits and thresholds

Screen-recorded by Author.

208 Figure 3.6.4 Step 2 sequential frames

Frame-captured by Author.

209 Figure 3.6.5 Step 3: Define Interactive Elements

Screen-recorded by Author.

209 Figure 3.6.6 Step 3 sequential frames

Frame-captured by Author.

210 Figure 3.6.7 Step 4: Initiate the simulation

Simulated and screen-recorded by Author.

211 Figure 3.6.8 Step 4 sequential frames

Frame-captured by Author.

212 Figure 3.6.9 Various forms of data can be visualized and mapped out during the simulation and toggled on or off via the GUI (Graphical User Interface) or hotkeys

Simulated and screen-recorded by Author.

213 Figure 3.6.10 Data visualization sequential frames

Frame-captured by Author.

214 Figure 3.6.11 GUI controlled Solar Studies

Simulated and screen-recorded by Author.

215 Figure 3.6.12 GUI controlled Solar Studies sequential frames

Frame-captured by Author.

216 Figure 3.6.13 The GUI can also be used to control various scripted events, such as an evacuation scenario

Simulated and screen-recorded by Author.

217 Figure 3.6.14 Scenario programming sequential frames

Frame-captured by Author.

218 Figure 3.6.15 The simulation can also be visualized and interacted from different perspectives to better visualize the space

Simulated and screen-recorded by Author.

219 Figure 3.6.16 Interactive perspective variation sequential frames

Frame-captured by Author.

220 Figure 3.6.17 The virtual camera can be utilized to simulate a real camera to produce cinematic footage

Screen-recorded by Author.

221 Figure 3.6.18 Virtual camera sequential frames

Frame-captured by Author.

Part 4 | Tool Evaluation

226 Figure 4.1.1 Open Space Condition

Simulated and screen-recorded by Author.

227 Figure 4.1.2 Open Space analytical frames

Frame-captured by Author.

228 Figure 4.1.3 Corridor Condition

Simulated and screen-recorded by Author.

229 Figure 4.1.4 Corridor analytical frames

Frame-captured by Author.

230 Figure 4.1.5 Intersection Condition

Simulated and screen-recorded by Author.

231 Figure 4.1.6 Intersection analytical frames

Frame-captured by Author.

232 Figure 4.1.7 Expansion Condition

Simulated and screen-recorded by Author.

233 Figure 4.1.8 Expansion analytical frames

Frame-captured by Author.

234 Figure 4.1.9 Open space condition sped-up 20x

Simulated and screen-recorded by Author.

234 Figure 4.1.10 Open space condition sped-up analytical frames

Frame-captured by Author.

235 Figure 4.1.11 Grand Central Station time-lapse

From Rocketboom, “Time Lapse Grand Central Station,” YouTube, 2:54, accessed December 28, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eimuAboXSdo&feature=youtu.be.

235 Figure 4.1.12 Grand Central Station time-lapse analytical frames

Frame-captured by Author, from Rocketboom, “Time Lapse Grand Central Station.”

236 Figure 4.1.13 The simulated agents will react and adapt to a changing environment in real time.

Simulated and screen-recorded by Author.

237 Figure 4.1.14 Adaptive agents sequential frames

Frame-captured by Author.

238 Figure 4.2.1 Cushion Revit model

Screen-captured by Author.

239 Figure 4.2.2 Cushion Floor Plan

Illustrated by Author, CAD file obtained from the Cushion team.

240 Figure 4.2.3 Cushion crowd simulation

Simulated and screen-recorded by Author.

241 Figure 4.2.4 Cushion crowd simulation analytical frames

Frame-captured by Author.

242 Figure 4.2.5 Cushion agent-comfort map

Simulated and screen-recorded by Author.

243 Figure 4.2.6 Cushion agent-comfort map analytical frames

Frame-captured by Author.

244 Figure 4.2.7 Cushion real world footage

Filmed by Author.

244 Figure 4.2.8 Cushion real world footage analytical frames

Frame-captured by Author.

245 Figure 4.2.9 Cushion rendered visualization

Simulated by Author.

245 Figure 4.2.10 Cushion rendered visualization analytical frames

Frame-captured by Author.

247 Figure 4.2.11 Cushion rendered visualization without simulated crowds

Simulated by Author.

247 Figure 4.2.12 Cushion rendered visualization analytical frames without simulated crowds

Frame-captured by Author.

248 Figure 4.3.1 Riverside Gallery Revit model

Screen-captured by Author.

249 Figure 4.3.2 Riverside Gallery Floor Plan

Illustrated by Author, PDF file obtained from “Floor Plans,” Plant Operations, accessed 28, 2019, https://uwaterloo.ca/plant-operations/floor-plans.

250 Figure 4.3.3 Riverside Gallery crowd simulation

Simulated and screen-recorded by Author.

251 Figure 4.3.4 Riverside Gallery crowd simulation analytical frames

Frame-captured by Author.

252 Figure 4.3.5 Riverside Gallery agent-comfort map

Simulated and screen-recorded by Author.